We’re not getting enough sleep. Most of us are sleep deprived, and rarely, if ever, get a full night’s sleep more than one day in a row.
There are many issues that lead to these difficulties, and addressing them can take time as we determine why they’re occurring and work individually with how to solve them. Yet some of the potential causes of sleep difficulties, including racing thoughts, metal to due lists, and emotional residue from the day can interfere with the onset and quality of sleep.
Sleep hygiene practices are, at least theoretically, designed to address this. By giving yourself a habit/routine to help you fall asleep, you should be able to calm your mind and ease off easier than if you simply go straight to bed with your phone in your hands.
But, of course, sleep is more complicated than that, and there are plenty of times when our brains stay highly active and we have too much on our minds to relax.
Why the Brain Struggles to Transition to Sleep
Before examining journaling, it’s important to understand why sleep onset is disrupted. One of the most well-documented factors is heightened cognitive arousal – essentially, excessive mental activity in the pre-sleep period. This can include:
- Persistent planning or problem-solving thoughts
- Unresolved emotional tension from daytime experiences
- Anticipatory anxiety about the following day
- New ideas you want to remember or to-dos that you would like to prioritize
Research shows that these thought patterns correlate with activity in the default mode network (DMN), a neural system associated with self-referential thinking. High DMN activity at bedtime is associated with longer sleep onset latency and lighter sleep cycles.
Because journaling externalizes internal dialogue, it has the potential to reduce DMN activity and shift the brain toward a state more conducive to sleep.
The Power of Sleep Journaling
In these situations, you may want to consider keeping a sleep journal next to your bed.
Sleep journals are, essentially, journals where you can write down anything and everything that is on your mind when you are trying to go to sleep at night. It doesn’t necessarily matter what you write down, and you never need to force yourself to write down anything if you’re feeling tired (it differs from a gratitude journal in this way, as those types of journals are designed to be completed daily).
Rather, it’s a place for you to put your thoughts on paper in order to get them out of your head.
Journaling at night can reduce mental overactivity and create psychological closure that supports sleep onset. This practice is not simply about venting thoughts onto paper. The type of journaling, the structure, and even the timing all contribute to how journaling interacts with the brain’s sleep-regulating systems.
What Happens When You Journal Before Bed
Journaling operates at the intersection of cognitive restructuring and emotional regulation. Several peer-reviewed studies have found that the right form of journaling can measurably affect key variables tied to sleep, including sleep latency (how long it takes to fall asleep) and overall sleep quality. For example:
- A 2018 study published in Journal of Experimental Psychology found that individuals who wrote out specific tasks they needed to complete the next day fell asleep significantly faster than those who journaled about completed tasks.
- Another study published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine showed that expressive writing – where individuals write about their thoughts and feelings – reduced symptoms of sleep-onset insomnia in people with anxiety.
Keep in mind these are examples of *different* benefits. The first study looked at something called “cognitive offloading” where moving thoughts out of your mind (your working memory) and onto paper basically tells your brain “don’t worry, you can’t forget, it’s written down on paper” which frees up additional resources and helps the brain disengage from active processing.
The second study showed that writing out our emotions and feelings is a form of processing. Anxieties and stresses often occur when emotions feel unresolved, or when they’re bouncing around in mind without being fully processed. Writing out these emotions help us process them, allowing us to have some closure and, eventually, sleep.
Remember, these thoughts may not all be stressful. Imagine you’re someone that loves writing, and – when you’re supposed to go to sleep – you have this great idea for a story. Your mind can’t relax if you’re worried that you may forget the idea. If you write it down, your brain knows you can’t forget it, and you can hopefully relax better and ease yourself into sleep.
Addressing Sleep for Mental Health
Sleep may not be directly responsible for the entirety of our mental health, but it becomes extraordinarily difficult to cope with stress and address our psychological challenges if we’re not also prioritizing sleep. Journaling may not solve all your issues, but if an active mind is keeping you awake, consider taking out a journal and testing out those benefits.